In my Pentest+ and CySA+ classes, I’ve encountered students who come in with completely unrealistic expectations, especially those new to the field or making a career change. Some have little to no understanding of the material or the depth of knowledge required, yet expect to be able to conduct professional-level penetration tests or handle complex cybersecurity incidents right after the course. They often don’t realize that certifications like Pentest+ and CySA+ are just foundational steps, not shortcuts to becoming experts. To help manage these expectations, I use TryHackMe to give them hands-on practice and a sense of the real-world challenges they’ll face, but I also have to continuously remind them that they’re at the beginning of a long learning curve. It’s crucial for them to understand that developing the necessary skills, especially in a field as dynamic and demanding as cybersecurity, requires time, effort, and experience far beyond passing the certification exam.